01 -  In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, salt, and instant yeast. 
 02 -  Pour in the buttermilk and melted butter. Stir with a wooden spoon or spatula until a shaggy dough forms and no dry flour remains. 
 03 -  Cover the bowl tightly with plastic wrap or a clean kitchen towel. Let the dough rise at room temperature for 2 hours, or until doubled in size and bubbly on top. 
 04 -  Preheat your oven to 425°F (220°C). If using a Dutch oven or oven-safe pot, place it in the oven to preheat as well. 
 05 -  Lightly flour your hands and a sheet of parchment paper. Scrape the dough onto the parchment, gently shaping it into a round or oval loaf. 
 06 -  Carefully remove the hot Dutch oven from the oven. Lift the dough on the parchment and place it into the pot. 
 07 -  Cover with the lid and bake for 30 minutes. 
 08 -  Remove the lid and bake for an additional 12–15 minutes, until the top is golden brown and the loaf sounds hollow when tapped. 
 09 -  Transfer the bread to a wire rack and let cool completely before slicing.